A refractometer is an instrument used to measure the refractive index of a sample, allowing readings in various scales. This index is determined by the deviation of a light beam as it passes through a medium, depending on the nature and composition of that medium. The angle of deviation varies with the concentration of soluble dry matter: the higher the concentration, the greater the refraction. The goal is therefore to identify the components of a solution and determine their concentration.
The rapid and simple measurement of sugar content in degrees Brix is widely used in professional settings. A single drop placed on the instrument is enough—simply look through the eyepiece to read the sugar content (%) based on how the light is refracted. Refractometers can also be used to measure salt concentration, urea, alcohol content, and many other parameters.
Some refractometers feature Automatic Temperature Compensation (ATC), which is especially useful when environmental conditions cannot be controlled—for example, during outdoor measurements.
For handheld refractometers, measurements are taken through a high–refractive index prism and directly read on the graduated analog scales.
The Abbe refractometer is a highly accurate and reliable benchtop instrument, suitable for liquid, paste, or solid samples.