Pycnometers

pycnometer is used to determine the density and relative density of a liquid or solid sample. Its operation is simple: the test liquid is poured into the pycnometer, followed by the placement of a lid with an overflow capillary.

Excess liquid escapes through the upper end of the capillary tube when the stopper is fitted onto the flask, allowing the exact volume of liquid to be determined.

For solid samples, a liquid of known density (ρ_liq) is used. 

The pycnometer is weighed empty, then after adding the solid and the liquid. This method allows the mass of the solid and the mass of the displaced liquid to be accurately determined.

Calibration of the pycnometer is performed using distilled water, following the same steps as for a standard density measurement. The density of water at 23 °C is 0.9976 g·cm⁻³. Using this value, the pycnometer can be accurately calibrated to ensure precise density determinations.

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