Lab - Genetic analysis and recombination during meiosis (1)

Extract B.O.:
Genetic recombination and its contribution to genetic diversity (1-A-1)

Scientific issue:
The alternation of meiosis - fertilization during sexual reproduction maintains the chromosomal makeup of individuals of the species over generations.
However, these individuals are different from each other and different from their parents. Sexual reproduction is thus considered a 'lottery' during which genetic information is shuffled, especially during meiosis.
How can the existence of shuffling during meiosis be demonstrated?

Procedure:
All proposed activities allow the study of a cross. Each time, students identify the version of the character(s) present in the individuals of the cross and establish proportions.
They then write down the crosses as they were performed, focusing on phenotypes (Mendelian observation approach).
The crosses increase in difficulty and have slightly different objectives.
The first cross introduces students to genetic analysis (method, writing conventions, etc.), while the others address the issue of shuffling during meiosis. Through observation activities, a statement can be formulated to encourage students to be autonomous.